Blepharospasm

This code describes an involuntary, sustained, and often forceful contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, leading to eyelid closure or difficulty opening the eyes. It is a focal dystonia affecting the muscles around the eye, causing functional impairment and visual disturbance.

Assign this code when documentation clearly indicates idiopathic blepharospasm, without an identifiable external cause. This diagnosis is typically made after ruling out secondary causes, such as ocular surface irritation or neurological conditions.

• Differentiate carefully between idiopathic blepharospasm and blepharospasm induced by medications, which has a distinct code.
• Ensure the physician's documentation specifies "idiopathic" or otherwise excludes drug-induced causes.
• Consider co-occurring conditions like dry eye or other dystonias, and code them separately if documented.