Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia

This code represents a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease characterized by abnormal cellular development within the arterial walls, leading to stenoses, aneurysms, dissections, or tortuosity. It most commonly affects the renal and carotid arteries, but can occur in any arterial bed. The condition can result in hypertension, stroke, or other ischemic events depending on the affected vessels.

Use this code when documentation explicitly states a diagnosis of arterial fibromuscular dysplasia. This diagnosis is typically established through imaging studies such as angiography, CTA, or MRA, which reveal characteristic "string of beads" or other FMD-specific arterial abnormalities. Clinical manifestations like renovascular hypertension or carotid artery dissection in the absence of atherosclerosis also support this diagnosis.

• Do not confuse this with atherosclerosis or other forms of vasculitis; FMD is distinct in its etiology and pathology.
• Specify the affected artery (e.g., renal, carotid) if documented, as this may impact treatment and prognosis.
• Code any associated complications, such as hypertension (I10-I15), aneurysm (I72.-), or dissection (I77.7-), in addition to the FMD.